Ais
Ais buli ngarujuk tak mingo-mingo sepuh empat bentuk pepejal fasa buek yang terati.
| Ice | |
|---|---|
.jpg) An ice block, photographed at the Duluth Canal Park in Minnesota | |
| Physical properties | |
| Density ((ρ) | 0.9167[1]–0.9168[2] g/cm3 |
| Refractive index ((n) | 1.309 |
| Chemical properties | |
| Chemical formula | H2O |
| Mechanical properties | |
| Young's modulus ((E) | 3400 to 37,500 kg-force/cm3[2] |
| Tensile strength ((σt) | 5 to 18 kg-force/cm2[2] |
| Compressive strength ((σc) | 24 to 60 kg-force/cm2[2] |
| Poisson's ratio ((ν) | 0.36±0.13[2] |
| Thermal properties | |
| Thermal conductivity ((k) | 0.0053(1 + 0.0015 θ) cal/(cm s K), θ = temperature in °C[2] |
| Linear thermal expansion coefficient ((α) | 5.5×10−5[2] |
| Specific heat capacity ((c) | 0.5057 − 0.001863 θ cal/(g K), θ = absolute value of temperature in °C[2] |
| Electrical properties | |
| Dielectric constant ((εr) | ~95[3] |
| The properties of ice vary substantially with temperature, purity and other factors. | |
Tungan metelak
niuba- ↑ Yang boi nindo' terat:Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaCRC - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Voitkovskii, K. F., Translation of: "The mechanical properties of ice" ("Mekhanicheskie svoistva l'da"), Academy of Sciences (USSR), DTIC AD0662716
- ↑ Evans, S. (1965). "Dielectric Properties of Ice and Snow–a Review". Journal of Glaciology. 5 (42): 773–792. doi:10.3189/S0022143000018840. S2CID 227325642.