Poland

Republic of Poland
Republic of Poland Rzeczpospolita Polska (Polish)
	Flag Coat of arms
	Anthem: "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego"; ("Poland Is Not Yet Lost");
	Location of Poland (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey); – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Warsaw; 52°13′N 21°02′E / 52.217°N 21.033°E
Official language	Polish
Ethnic groups (2021)	98.84% Polish 96.28% only Polish; 2.56% Polish and others; ; 1.13% only non-Polish; 0.03% unknown;
Religion (2021)	72.2% Christianity 71.3% Catholicism; 0.9% other Christian; ; ; 6.9% no religion; 0.4% other; 20.5% unanswered;
Demonym(s)	Polish; Pole;
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
• President	Andrzej Duda
• Prime Minister	Donald Tusk
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Sejm
Formation
• Duchy of Poland	c. 960
• Christianization	966
• Kingdom of Poland	18 April 1025
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	1 July 1569
• Partitions of Poland	24 October 1795
• Second Republic	11 November 1918
• Government-in-exile	17 September 1939
• People's Republic	22 July 1944
• Third Republic	31 December 1989
Area
• Total	312,696 km2 (120,733 sq mi) (69th)
• Water (%)	1.48 (2015)
Population
• 2022 census	38,036,118 (38th)
• Density	122/km2 (316.0/sq mi) (75th)
GDP ((PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$1.801 trillion (20th)
• Per capita	$49,060 (39th)
GDP ((nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$844.623 billion (21st)
• Per capita	$23,014 (45th)
Gini ((2022)	26.3; low
HDI ((2022)	0.881; very high · 36th
Currency	Złoty (PLN)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+48
ISO 3166 code	PL
Internet TLD	.pl [a]
	Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states.;

Poland (Poland: Polska) atau pan engko' oron resmi ni Republik Poland (Poland: Rzeczpospolita Polska) iyo no dikau laat ta' Eropah Entengah ngodop pu' enselang Baltik ta' utara. Laat nironon Poland tu sedembila' ko' negara Jerman ta' Barat, enggo no pinau Republik Csezch engko' Slovakia ta' selatan, Ukraine engko' Belarus ta' timur ko' Selang Baltik, Kaliningrad ko' Lithuania ta' dembila' utara. Bagal laat nironon Poland iyo no 312,696 kilometer persegi, ngejadi iyo negara ke-69 tebagal ta' dunia ko' kesiam tebagal ta' Eropah. Enko' iko jomo ni kiro-kiro 38.5 juta jomo, Poland tu pan laat ke-34 paling sesok ta' dunia ko' kewau' tesesok ta' Eropah.

Pengoronan

Joto

Bo'-bo' oron Poland tu boi nindo' lua' ta' jomo bengso Slav Barat iyono Polans (Polanie) enggo no temban ta' sedi suang Warta tebeta' begian besejarah Poland Raya tebeta' abad ke-8. Oron tekokon ni andang nindo' lua' teturan jomo Slav barat iyo no pole engko' meksud ni padang antap luas.

Hubungan Malaysia-Poland

Tebeta' 20 Mac 2002, Perdana Menteri Malaysia Mahathir Mohammad boi ngogo ta' Poland. Otu iyo no lewatan entedo Perdana Menteri Malaysia pu' Poland boi jo un hubungan diplomatik ti ko' gai boi 10 taun. Duta Malaysia pu' Poland tebeta' ae Ng Bak Hai.

Tungan metelak

↑ Constitution of the Republic of Poland, Article 27.
↑ {{|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/national-census/national-population-and-housing-census-2021/final-results-of-the-national-population-and-housing-census-2021/size-and-demographic-social-structure-in-the-light-of-the-2021-census-results,6,1.html |title=National Population and Housing Census 2021 Population. Size and demographic-social structure in the light of the 2021 Census results |language=en }}
↑ Final results of the National Population and Housing Census 2021. Statistics Poland.
↑ Poland. Encyclopedia Britannica (2023).
↑ Poland. Encyclopedia Britannica (2023).
↑ The Act of December 29, 1989 amending the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic.. Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych. (in Polish)
↑ GUS. Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2023 roku.
↑ Poland country profile. BBC News (12 November 2023).
↑ Surface water and surface water change. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
↑ Statistical Bulletin No 11/2022. Statistics Poland.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Poland). International Monetary Fund (16 April 2024).
↑ Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey. Eurostat.
↑ Human Development Report 2023/2024 (in en). United Nations Development Programme (19 March 2024).

[1]

[2]
Yang boi nindo' terat:Tag <ref> wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "lower-alpha", tetapi tiada tag <references group="lower-alpha"/> yang berpadanan disertakan

[2] Constitution of the Republic of Poland, Article 27.

[4] {{|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/national-census/national-population-and-housing-census-2021/final-results-of-the-national-population-and-housing-census-2021/size-and-demographic-social-structure-in-the-light-of-the-2021-census-results,6,1.html |title=National Population and Housing Census 2021 Population. Size and demographic-social structure in the light of the 2021 Census results |language=en }}

[Census_2021-5] Final results of the National Population and Housing Census 2021. Statistics Poland.

[6] Poland. Encyclopedia Britannica (2023).

[8] Poland. Encyclopedia Britannica (2023).

[10] The Act of December 29, 1989 amending the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic.. Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych. (in Polish)

[GUS-11] GUS. Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2023 roku.

[BBC_News_2023-12] Poland country profile. BBC News (12 November 2023).

[13] Surface water and surface water change. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

[14] Statistical Bulletin No 11/2022. Statistics Poland.

[IMFWEO.PL-15] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Poland). International Monetary Fund (16 April 2024).

[eurogini-16] Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey. Eurostat.

[HDI-17] Human Development Report 2023/2024 (in en). United Nations Development Programme (19 March 2024).

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Republic of Poland Rzeczpospolita Polska (Polish)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego"^{[lower-alpha 1]} ("Poland Is Not Yet Lost")
Show globe Show map of Europe Location of Poland (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Warsaw 52°13′N 21°02′E / 52.217°N 21.033°E / 52.217; 21.033
Official language	Polish^[1]
Ethnic groups (2021)^[2]	98.84% Polish^{[lower-alpha 2]} 96.28% only Polish 2.56% Polish and others 1.13% only non-Polish 0.03% unknown
Religion (2021^[3])	72.2% Christianity 71.3% Catholicism 0.9% other Christian 6.9% no religion 0.4% other 20.5% unanswered
Demonym(s)	Polish Pole
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic

• President	Andrzej Duda
• Prime Minister	Donald Tusk

Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Sejm
Formation

• Duchy of Poland^{[lower-alpha 3]}	c. 960
• Christianization^{[lower-alpha 4]}	966
• Kingdom of Poland	18 April 1025
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	1 July 1569
• Partitions of Poland	24 October 1795
• Second Republic	11 November 1918
• Government-in-exile	17 September 1939
• People's Republic	22 July 1944
• Third Republic	31 December 1989^[6]

Area
• Total	312,696 km² (120,733 sq mi)^[7]^[8] (69th)
• Water (%)	1.48 (2015)^[9]
Population
• 2022 census	38,036,118^[10] (38th)
• Density	122/km² (316.0/sq mi) (75th)
GDP ((PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$1.801 trillion^[11] (20th)
• Per capita	$49,060^[11] (39th)
GDP ((nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$844.623 billion^[11] (21st)
• Per capita	$23,014^[11] (45th)
Gini ((2022)	26.3^[12] low
HDI ((2022)	0.881^[13] very high · 36th
Currency	Złoty (PLN)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+48
ISO 3166 code	PL
Internet TLD	.pl ^[a]
Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states.